Heat exhaustion is a serious heat injury caused by increased exercise heat load plus dehydration.
-Signs/Symptoms:
"core" (rectal) temperature elevated, usually not above 39.5t; "goose flesh", headache, lethargy, altered consciousness, nausea, vomiting, incoordination.
-Treatment:
*Move to a cool, shaded area.
*Remove excess clothing.
*Begin immediate cooling with cold or iced cloths, sponges, etc. to torso, axillae, groin, other exposed areas.
*Begin hydration with cool fluids, orally if possible, otherwise start IV fluids (D/W, D/0.5N saline).
*Monitor vital signs, rectal temperature if possible.
*Consider transfer to hospital, depending on response to therapy.
-Heat exhaustion/Heat Injury Prevention：
*Avoid competition under adverse conditions, or adjust pace to existing conditions.
*Utilize acclimatization measures prior to competition.
*Pre-hydrate; emphasize hydration during the competition.
*Wear appropriate clothing which will "breathe" and allow sweat to evaporate.
